The Destruction of Female Possession in The English Patient Essay

In Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient we see a world all told ravaged by war. The land itself is deadeningd, sometimes beyond recognition as it is torn apart by bombs. Just as these human-made structures have faced the damage of imperialism, so have female bodies in the novel. Ondaatje creates several parallels between mans attempt to own the land around him and his ownership of the female body. As we see in the novel, this attempt at ownership almost always ends in destruction, war, and often, death. What I believe Ondaatje is trying to present to us is the impossibility of owning something that should at last be free, such as the female body (or any body, for that matter.) Though some feminist theorists such as Lilijana Burcar have claimed Ondaatjes novel perpetuates the radical of male ownership of female bodies, I believe we see several examples of female empowerment hidden throughout the novel examples of females outwardly rejecting such ownership, as Hanna r efuses to be seen as a sexual object by Carravagio, and even changes her appearance to defeminize herself. We even see gender-roles reverse. The male gaze seems to apply not except to males, but to females as well as Hanna views the sapper, Kip, in a feminized and often sexual way. Most striking of all, however, is Ondaatjes representation of the character Katharine as an almost voiceless physical body which is undoubtedly owned and consumed by Almasys desire. As we see, this ownership leads to what is arguably the biggest destruction in the novel the destruction of both Katharine and Almasy altogether. Before focusing on the most extreme example of male ownership that is Almasys ownership of Katharine, I want to first exa... ...vere gender-divide that is only normally present in same-sex relationships. This along with Hanas appreciation for her own body and sexuality show readers a new type of relationship. In this way, I feel Ondaatjes novel is progressive and reflects se veral feminist values and ideals, though they are often hidden just below the surface. Works CitedBurcar, Lilijana. mapping the Womans Body in Ondaatjes The English Patient Postcolonialweb.orgBordo, S. 1993. Feminism, Foucault, and the Politics of the Body. In C. Ramazanoglu, (Ed.) Up Against Foucault. Explorations of some Tensions between Foucault and Feminism. London and New York Routledge.181 -202.Butler, J. 1990. sexual urge Trouble. Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London and New York Routledge.Suleri, Sara. The Rhetoric of English India. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1992.

African-Americans and Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn Essay -- Adventure

Afri potty-Americans and Mark twos Huckleberry Finn In the century since the publication of Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn, it has remained ane of the most talked about books in American literature. This distinction seems to be due primarily to the fact that, while the book has always been popular among Americans, Americans, of all types, cover up to find different ways to be offended by it. It has been described as everything from anti-southern to anti-black, and has been called everything from a piece of trash to a national treasure. Perhaps no other American book could claim such an abundance of conflicting interpretations. This experiment will seek to explore and explain the history of one of the major(ip) controversies surrounding the book, and the importance that that history may founder had for modern readings of the novel.Two different Novels to Two Different Groups of Americans As long as Huck Finn has existed, African-Americans have had a grote sque perspective on the novel. This project will argue that this unique perspective has its roots in the proterozoic interpretation of the novel by African-Americans, and that this perspective deserves recognition for finding deeper meaning in Huck Finn, long forward it was accepted to do so. To begin, it is important to first distinguish between smock interpretation of the novel and black interpretation of it. Although Huckleberry Finn was published long after the civilized War, racial prejudice and injustice still remained in all aspects of American life. As a result, African-Americans were largely excluded from American literary institutions like universities and publishing companies. customary newspapers, magazines, and books were, for the mos... ...ymond W. Smock, eds., The Booker T. Washington Papers. Vol. 10 1909-1911. Urbana University of Illinois Press, 1981. p349-50.San Francisco Daily Examiner unsigned 1885 March 9.Smith, David Lionel. smuggled C ritics and Mark Twain. The Cambridge Companion to Mark Twain. Forrest G. Robinson, ed. New York Cambridge University Press, 1995. p119-20.Notesi One of the newspaper accounts of this scandal can be found in The Critical Response to Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn. ed. Laurie Champion (New York, Greenwood Press 1991) 10-12.ii A similarly detailed account of the illegalize can also be found at http//etext.virginia.edu/railton/huckfinn/hfconcrd.htmliii A database of the early illustrations of the character Jim, as well as the other characters of the book, is available at http//etext.virginia.edu/railton/huckfinn/jminpix.html African-Americans and Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay -- AdventureAfrican-Americans and Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn In the century since the publication of Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn, it has remained one of the most talked about books in American literature. This distinction seems to be due primarily to the fact that, while the book has always been popular among Americans, Americans, of all types, continue to find different ways to be offended by it. It has been described as everything from anti-southern to anti-black, and has been called everything from a piece of trash to a national treasure. Perhaps no other American book could claim such an abundance of conflicting interpretations. This essay will seek to explore and explain the history of one of the major controversies surrounding the book, and the importance that that history may have had for modern readings of the novel.Two Different Novels to Two Different Groups of Americans As long as Huck Finn has existed, African-Americans have had a unique perspective on the novel. This project will argue that this unique perspective has its roots in the early interpretation of the novel by African-Americans, and that this perspective deserves recognition for finding deeper meaning in Huck Finn, long before it was accepted to do so. To begin, it i s important to first distinguish between white interpretation of the novel and black interpretation of it. Although Huckleberry Finn was published long after the Civil War, racial prejudice and injustice still remained in all aspects of American life. As a result, African-Americans were largely excluded from American literary institutions like universities and publishing companies. Popular newspapers, magazines, and books were, for the mos... ...ymond W. Smock, eds., The Booker T. Washington Papers. Vol. 10 1909-1911. Urbana University of Illinois Press, 1981. p349-50.San Francisco Daily Examiner unsigned 1885 March 9.Smith, David Lionel. Black Critics and Mark Twain. The Cambridge Companion to Mark Twain. Forrest G. Robinson, ed. New York Cambridge University Press, 1995. p119-20.Notesi One of the newspaper accounts of this scandal can be found in The Critical Response to Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn. ed. Laurie Champion (New York, Greenwood Press 1991) 10-12.i i A similarly detailed account of the banning can also be found at http//etext.virginia.edu/railton/huckfinn/hfconcrd.htmliii A database of the early illustrations of the character Jim, as well as the other characters of the book, is available at http//etext.virginia.edu/railton/huckfinn/jminpix.html

My Antonia Essay: Antonia and Jim -- My Antonia Essays

Antonia and Jim of My Antonia In Willa Cathers My Antonia a special bond is formed, shattered, mended, and eventually secured between the main characters, Antonia Shimerda and Jim Burden. Jim and Antonia seem to be destined to affect from separately one others lives dramatically, from the beginning of the novel. Starting at a young age, the main characters lives are intertwined. They form a special bond, which have both positive and negative affects on their relationship. At the time when Jim and Antonia are growing up, a rigid social structure exists in northeastward. This social difference contributed to the creation and alteration of their familiarity in part, it is responsible for their behavior toward one another. The reader may discover a social distinction in the way the Shimerdas and the Burdens live. The Shimerdas are a family of immigrants who come to neon with nothing but the hope of building a better life. They have no knowledge of this new world that they are about to enter, except the learn of their neighbors lives. In Black Hawk the Shimerdas are not even on the social scale. The Burdens, on the other hand, are clearly part of a high(prenominal) social order. They have impressive possesions and are even considered very wealthy by their new Bohemian neighbors. However, despite the social order, Jim and Antonia, immediately become friends. Their knowledge is sparked when Jim teaches Antonia how to read and speak English. This is one of the first times the reader sees a division in their educational and social status. It affects them positively by bringing them juxtaposed together. As the novel progresses, the two young people remain fair... ... Randolph. Review of My Antonia. Murphys Critical Essays 145-147. Cather, Willa. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 5th edition, Vol 2. New YorkW.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1998, Pgs 937-1070. Dyck, Reginald. The Feminist Critique of Willa Cathers Fiction A Review Essay. Womens Studies 22 (1993) 263-279. Ferguson, Mary Anne. My Antonia in Womens Studies Pioneer Women and Men-- The Myth and the Reality. Rosowskis Approaches to Teaching 95-100. Helmick, Evelyn. The Mysteries of Antonia. Blooms Willa Cathers . . . , 109-119. Rosowski, Susan J., ed. Approaches to Teaching Cathers My Antonia. New York The Modern Language Association of America. 1989. Trilling, Lionel. Willa Cather. Blooms Modern Critical Views 7-15. Woodress, James. Willa Cather Her lifespan and Art. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. 1970. My Antonia Essay Antonia and Jim -- My Antonia EssaysAntonia and Jim of My Antonia In Willa Cathers My Antonia a special bond is formed, shattered, mended, and eventually secured between the main characters, Antonia Shimerda and Jim Burden. Jim and Antonia seem to be destined to affect each others lives dramatically, from the beginning of the novel. Starting at a young age, the main characters lives are intertwined. They form a spec ial bond, which have both positive and negative affects on their relationship. At the time when Jim and Antonia are growing up, a rigid social structure exists in Nebraska. This social difference contributed to the creation and alteration of their friendship in part, it is responsible for their behavior toward one another. The reader may discover a social distinction in the way the Shimerdas and the Burdens live. The Shimerdas are a family of immigrants who come to Nebraska with nothing but the hope of building a better life. They have no knowledge of this new world that they are about to enter, except the throw of their neighbors lives. In Black Hawk the Shimerdas are not even on the social scale. The Burdens, on the other hand, are clearly part of a higher social order. They have impressive possesions and are even considered very wealthy by their new Bohemian neighbors. However, despite the social order, Jim and Antonia, immediately become friends. Their friendship is spark ed when Jim teaches Antonia how to read and speak English. This is one of the first times the reader sees a division in their educational and social status. It affects them positively by bringing them juxtaposed together. As the novel progresses, the two young people remain fair... ... Randolph. Review of My Antonia. Murphys Critical Essays 145-147. Cather, Willa. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 5th edition, Vol 2. New YorkW.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1998, Pgs 937-1070. Dyck, Reginald. The Feminist Critique of Willa Cathers Fiction A Review Essay. Womens Studies 22 (1993) 263-279. Ferguson, Mary Anne. My Antonia in Womens Studies Pioneer Women and Men-- The Myth and the Reality. Rosowskis Approaches to Teaching 95-100. Helmick, Evelyn. The Mysteries of Antonia. Blooms Willa Cathers . . . , 109-119. Rosowski, Susan J., ed. Approaches to Teaching Cathers My Antonia. New York The Modern Language Association of America. 1989. Trilling, Lionel. Willa Cather. Blooms Moder n Critical Views 7-15. Woodress, James. Willa Cather Her aliveness and Art. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. 1970.

Masculine Desires Expressed in Art and Media Essay -- Male Masculinity

pretend the locks to a Starbucks Caf were slowing turning to seal the doors take out from any last customers. But before the latch could roll into the opposite lock, two strangers pulled sluttish the door and made their way inside. A sight to turn in seen James Bond and Keanu Reeves. They held each a large canvas and a sculpture, respectively. Both purchased their preferred coffee drinks at the local caf. Having made an exception in not closing the shop at the normal time, the employee allowed the men to enjoy their beverages insidein the comfort of the inexplicably soft couches. The gentlemen sat and conversed about their current lives. My question is does the adolescent worker, who is still bewildered, share a singularity with the unexpected customers, as well as with the artworks in their possession? Regardless of the hypothetical, the answer is always the said(prenominal) Yes. The fictitious heroes and brave men conceived by bit bear the longings and passions of their cre ator. In fact, it is through them that man lives vicariously. However, prior to the births of legendary characters in motion pictures and comic books, on that point existed artworks that introduced the public to the deepest desires of man. They portrayed his universal image a man that is wild at warmth.What does the action sequence of The Matrix Reloaded have in cat valium with a sixteenth-century sculpture? Baccio Bandinellis Hercules and Cacus, exemplifies the first of three desires in man. According to the legend, Hercules went on a journey to complete his tenth labor, a task of retrieving the cattle of Geryon. Cacus, a fire-goddemoted to a fire-breathing giant, stole the cattle from the unsuspecting Hercules and hid with them in a cave. The stealing launched the enemies into ... ...expresses. The three desires of man are painted and sculpted in the magazines, books, television shows, and movies of today. Society suggests the ideals and universal image of man it wants to up hold the media engraves the information into the stone tablets of its mind. Sure, I can appreciate the sculpture of Hercules and the painting of Christ, but but because I know that I can personally relate to the artworks. I want a battle to fight, an adventure to live, and a beauty to rescue.Works CitedEldredge, John. around the bend at Heart. Tennessee Nelson Publishing, 2001Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink. New York Little, Brown and Company, 2005Hercules and Cacus Wikipedia September 25, 2006 Gospel of John BibleGateway September 25, 2006 Masculine Desires Expressed in Art and Media Essay -- Male MasculinitySuppose the locks to a Starbucks Caf were slowing turning to seal the doors shut from any last customers. But before the latch could roll into the opposite lock, two strangers pulled open the door and made their way inside. A sight to have seen James Bond and Keanu Reeves. They held each a large canvas and a sculpture, respectively. Both purchased their favorite co ffee drinks at the local caf. Having made an exception in not closing the shop at the normal time, the employee allowed the men to enjoy their beverages insidein the comfort of the inexplicably soft couches. The gentlemen sat and conversed about their current lives. My question is does the adolescent worker, who is still bewildered, share a singularity with the unexpected customers, as well as with the artworks in their possession? Regardless of the hypothetical, the answer is always the same Yes. The fictitious heroes and brave men conceived by man bear the longings and passions of their creator. In fact, it is through them that man lives vicariously. However, prior to the births of legendary characters in motion pictures and comic books, there existed artworks that introduced the public to the deepest desires of man. They portrayed his universal image a man that is wild at heart.What does the action sequence of The Matrix Reloaded have in common with a sixteenth-century sculpture? Baccio Bandinellis Hercules and Cacus, exemplifies the first of three desires in man. According to the legend, Hercules went on a journey to complete his tenth labor, a task of retrieving the Cattle of Geryon. Cacus, a fire-goddemoted to a fire-breathing giant, stole the cattle from the unsuspecting Hercules and hid with them in a cave. The theft launched the enemies into ... ...expresses. The three desires of man are painted and sculpted in the magazines, books, television shows, and movies of today. Society suggests the ideals and universal image of man it wants to uphold the media engraves the information into the stone tablets of its mind. Sure, I can appreciate the sculpture of Hercules and the painting of Christ, but only because I know that I can personally relate to the artworks. I want a battle to fight, an adventure to live, and a beauty to rescue.Works CitedEldredge, John. Wild at Heart. Tennessee Nelson Publishing, 2001Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink. New York Little, Brown a nd Company, 2005Hercules and Cacus Wikipedia September 25, 2006 Gospel of John BibleGateway September 25, 2006

strenght of relational model :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe first entropybase systems were based on the network and hierarchical models. A database can be defined as a collection of non-redundant data which can be shared by different covering systems. A database implies separation of physical storage from use of the data by an application program to achieve program/data independence. Using a database system, the user or programmer or application specialist need non know the details of how the data are stored and such details are usually "transparent" to the user. .These are covered briefly in appendices in the text. The relational model was first proposed by E.F. Codd in 1970 and the first such systems were developed in 1970s. The relational model is now the dominant model for commercial data processing applications. The relational model can be used in both conceptual and logical database design. The basic structure in the model is a table .Tables consists of rows and columns. Relationships in the relational model are represented implicitly through common attributes between different relations.The relational model consist of a relational structure, a set of integrity rules, and data manipulation operations. The relational structure is based on the representation of data in the form of tables. A table contains rows and columns, with each row representing an individual record, and each column representing a field for each record. Tables are related via indirect indexes of primary and foreign keys. The operations that are performed on these tables in order to store, manipulate and access this data include union, intersection, join, division, restriction, projection, assignment, difference, and product.How do you know if the relational model best fits your intended application? An application that requires on-line transaction processing (OLTP) where threefold files are updated simultaneously could benefit from the table structure of the relational model. The relational model provides the ability to cursorily insert data into tables. However, when it comes to querying--getting data out of the database--the relational model can be slower because it doesnt support direct access in multiple joins that are possible with the network model. An RDBMS-based application requires the traversal of indexes to get at related data in other files and this requires additional disk accesses and CPU cycles. The more(prenominal) tables involved and the greater the volume of records in these tables the more time is spent in accessing disk storage to get a result set. But date the relational model has the power to meet heavy-duty OLTP needs--get data into the database--it is also an excellent choice for simple databases and for an inexperienced database designer.

strenght of relational model :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe first database systems were based on the network and hierarchical frameworks. A database can be defined as a entreaty of non-redundant data which can be sh bed by different exertion systems. A database implies separation of physical storage from use of the data by an practise program to achieve program/data independence. Using a database system, the user or programmer or application specialist need not sleep together the details of how the data argon stored and such details are usually "transparent" to the user. .These are covered briefly in appendices in the text. The comparative model was first proposed by E.F. Codd in 1970 and the first such systems were developed in 1970s. The relative model is now the dominant model for commercial data touch on applications. The relational model can be used in both conceptual and logical database design. The basic structure in the model is a sidestep .Tables consists of rows and columns. Relationships in the rel ational model are represented implicitly through common attributes between different relations.The relational model consist of a relational structure, a set of integrity rules, and data manipulation operations. The relational structure is based on the representation of data in the form of mesas. A table contains rows and columns, with each row representing an individual record, and each column representing a field for each record. Tables are related via indirect indexes of primary and foreign keys. The operations that are performed on these tables in order to store, manipulate and access this data include union, intersection, join, division, restriction, projection, assignment, difference, and product.How do you know if the relational model best fits your intended application? An application that requires on-line transaction processing (OLTP) where multiple files are updated simultaneously could benefit from the table structure of the relational model. The relational model provides the ability to quickly introduce data into tables. However, when it comes to querying--getting data out of the database--the relational model can be slower because it doesnt support direct access in multiple joins that are possible with the network model. An RDBMS-based application requires the traversal of indexes to get at related data in other files and this requires additional disk accesses and CPU cycles. The more tables have-to doe with and the greater the volume of records in these tables the more time is spent in accessing disk storage to get a result set. But while the relational model has the power to meet heavy-duty OLTP needs--get data into the database--it is also an excellent choice for simple databases and for an inexperienced database designer.

Little Miss Sunshine Film Essay

Little Miss sunshine released in 2006, directed and produced by Jonathon Dayton and Valerie Farris represents numerous complicated family issues. The moving picture establishes these in umteen situations by the use of consider symbolic, written, audio and technical codes and convention an issue that arose was that the main character Olives brother is in an oath of silence. That the family redeem many complicated ambitions, and that Olive wants to participate in a newborn girls spectator pageant Little Miss Sunshine which breaches many moral values through out the film, Throughout the film you can see the family draw closer together and begin to over come many of their issues as a family.The film Little Miss Sunshine focuses on a young girl whose life was altered by the changing temperament of society whereby Child Beauty contests define physical attraction and personality at as young as 8 years old. The pressure of the beauty myth is an onset for young children to follow soci etal expectations whether it be through beauty contests, fashion aimed at pre-teens or young adult celebrities acting as role models. An example of low self-esteem is shown through the restaurant scene where Olive is self-conscience when ordering ice cream.This provides the audience with an understanding of the new-formed issues faced by young women in todays society due to the expectations of the beauty world. Dayton and Faris use the visual techniques of costuming, whereby the children are spray tanned, lathered with makeup and expose their bodies to exaggerate the young children to physically look older. This has caused sudden dispute within modern day society as expectations for women have started to occur at much younger ages.All of the characters have an ambition that is highlighted throughout the movie, for instance Dwayne takes an oath of silence on behalf of a German philosopher Frederick Nietzche, Dayton and Faris chose not to explain what connection Dwayne had with this m an but does show he is dedicated to this mans beliefs, having a poster of him, a shirt with Nietzches face on it and shows him reading a book titled after him. Dwaynes ambition is to be a test pilot for the u.s army which is cut short when they find out he is colourblind, through his sheer anger and rage he gets out of the railcar and breaks his vow of silence, later in the film Dwayne talks to Frankfilm conventions create an issue of dysfunctionality and happiness through the use of symbolic codes In the film the old yellow Volkswagen represents happiness represents happiness with an unappealing aspect which connects inextricablly with the family. The van symbolises the family very well as they

How It Alters the Teen’s Future

Teen pregnancy is a thing that ultimately alters a jejunes future forever with negative ramp effects, In the United States, 2. 800 immaturers become pregnant each day. When I calibrated in 201 1 out of al the girls I alumd with 10 of those girls relieve oneself had babies. one of them Just had her second baby this year. think more needs to be through to make girls realize that it affects their future, their childrens, the babys tamer. and other tamily members. I couldnt Imagine having a baby at this age. My cousin became a teen mom at the age of 19 with her long epoch boyfriend.But, I see the struggle they direct to make money to pay the bills. He works two jobs to support her and their child because child c atomic number 18 Is so expensive. They dont regret having their son, but they regret move out of college. Teen pregnancy Is the leading reason teen girls drop out of school. More than half of teen start outs never graduate. of them earn a college academic degree by t he time their 30. About d quarter of them have d second child within two years of their first. Teenage girls in alliances with sr. boys are more believably to become pregnant, han a teenage girl In a relationship with a boy her own age.Poverty Is associated with increased evaluate of teen pregnancy. 80 % of teen mothers have to go on welfare at some point due to less than one third of teen mothers receive no child support. Girls whose mother or older sister gave birth as d teen are more likely to issue forth pregnant themselves. Teenage parents who can rely on family and community support, social services and child care are more likely to continue with their raising and get a high paying job as they progress with their education. In the united States alone 820. 00 teens become pregnant each year.Birth rate in the United States is the highest in the developed world and teen abortion rate Is also higi-n In 2006, the united States teen rate rose for the first time in fourteen ye ars. Canada also trended towards a steady decline for both 15- 17 and older 18 19 teens in the period of 1992 2002. Majority of teenage mothers are not married to the tatner ot their children. Babies born to teenagers are at risk for neglect and abuse because their young mothers ere uncertain about their roles and may be defeated by the constant emand of care taking.Children of teen mothers are more likely to be born prematurely with low birth weight. Theyre at a higher risk tor intellectual, language, socio emotional, development disabilities and behavioural issues are increased. Children of teen mothers have a 31 % incidence of depression and a 25% risk of parenthood as a teen. Mothers are less likely to stimulate their infant through affectionate behaviours such as touch, smile, smiling and verbal communication or to be sensltlve and accepting their needs.Teen parents dont have the Intellectual or erformance in children of teenage mother also been noted with many of them bein g more likely to fail to graduate high school, be held back a grade level or score low on standardised test. As a son born, to a young woman in her teens is three times more likely to spend time in prison. Only 20% of teen fathers marry the mother of their child, many teen mothers continue to live at home with their parents. Teen fathers may continue a relationship with the babys mother but its common the relationship to end and when it does many fathers dont have much interaction with their children.Teen dads are less likely to earn a high school diploma the failure to graduate can be due to finical pressure resulting form having a baby to take care of. Despite the stereotype, there is increasing evidence that teen fathers want to be (and are) involved with their children, though this involvement may not always include financial support. Young fathers are more likely to have economic and employment challenges and are more often economically disadvantaged than adult fathers. A large percentage of fathers involved in teen pregnancies are 20 years or older.Teen pregnancy and motherhood can influence younger siblings. One study found that younger sisters of teen mothers were less likely to emphasise the importance of education and employment. Younger brothers too, were found to be more tolerant of non- martial and early births in addition to being more subject to high risk behaviours. Many programs available for teen moms are based on income. If the teen moms parents earn above the minimum income, the teen may be denied services which leaves the burden of the costs on the parents.Teen pregnancy has a negative affect on their children, the teen mothers, and teen fathers. More needs to be done to prevent teen pregnancy more education and guidance from parents. Also, more needs to be done to help teens who become pregnant and the teen fathers. I dont think theirs enough done for teen dads. With more support groups, financial help, helping with them (teen moms and f athers) graduating and getting their diploma. They shouldnt be shamed because they become pregnant at a young age, they should get the opportunity to graduate and have a better life for them and their child.

Modernization of NTUC Income

Assignment On Modernization of NTUC Income Course code MIS101 Section 1 Submitted to Md. Monzur Morshed Bhuiya Course instructor Submission Date 19-04-11 Acknowledgement At first we would like to thanks the Almighty Allah, who provided us this great opportunity to accomplish this project successfully with right health and sound mind. We would like to repair pro lay out gratitude to our honorable sir Md. Monzur Morshed Bhuiya, without his guidance and help it was impossible for us to complete this term paper satisfactorily.We enjoyed the ch completelyenges of preparing this assignment as it provided us an opportunity to increase our understandings of various pertinent features of conducting a research. To continue this research we mainly scoop help from antithetical websites, books etc. Finally, we would like to pay thanks to our parents from the depth of our heart for their endless support, encouragement and inspiration. Table of content 1. Abstract1 2. Introduction. 3. inquire no. 1. . 3 4. Question No. 2. . 4 5. Question No. 3. . 5 6. Question No. 4. . 6 7. Question No. 5.. 7 8. Conclusion. 8 9. citation list. 9 Abstract NTUC Income is a life and general indemnification company. It is a co-operative indemnification society formed in 1970, was initiated by Dr Goh Kang Swee.NTUC Incomes process started with various guest meeting and actor filling the paper form and many other steps which was genuinely extensive and tedious but after migrating a fully digital organization, it includes customer centric design barcode techno entery which minimize the downtime occurrence but it also expression problems such as paper policies compromising data retrieving problem etc. But it also got benefits such as efficient retrieval data, high cubic yard electronic mass storage system etc. Finally we can secern that NTUC Income enriched their working system in such way that there is no possibility to create throw out problems in future.Introduction NTUC Income is a life and general insurance company based in Singapore. It is one of the Big Three insurers with a significant share of the local motor insurance market. It is an system of rules that was made different right from the start with an initial capital of $1. 2 million. It is a co-operative insurance society formed in 1970, was initiated by Dr Goh Kang Swee during the Modernization of the Labor Movement seminar on 18 November 1969. Today, it has matured into a leading insurer and progressive organization with close to 2 million policyholders placing their trust in us and assets at $19. billion. Its insurance plans benefit large numbers of Singaporeans from all strata of society, and the company supports the community with financial contributions to the labor movement, charities and other worthy causes. The insurer employs about 3400 insurance advisors and 1200 office cater with the majority located across an eight branch ne twork. On June 1, 2003, Income succeeded in the migratio n of its legacy insurance system. The Herculean task required non only the upgrading of hardware and applications, it also required Income to stream roue its decade-old personal credit line processes and IT practices.Question No. 1. What were the problems approach by Income in this case? How were the problems resolved by the unexampled digital system? In the past, NTUC Income, which has over a million insurance policy holders, processes were very tedious and paper-based. The entire insurance process started with customers meeting an agent, filling in forms and submitting documents. The agent would then submit the forms at branches, from where they were sent by couriers to the Office function department. The collection schedule could introduce delays of two to three days.Office Services would log documents, sort them, and then send them to departments for underwriting. Proposals were allocated to underwriting staff, mostly randomly. Accepted proposals were sent for printing at t he Computer Services department and then redistributed. For storage, all original documents were packed and sent to warehouses where, over two to three days, a total of seven staff would log and store the documents. In all, paper policies comprising 45 million documents were stored in over 16,000 cartons at three warehouses. Whenever a document needed to be retrieved, it would take about two days to locate and ship it by courier.Refilling would again take about two days. So the processes were complicated and the result was waste of home and time, which leads in waste of money. The digital system can solve both of these problems and it cost 1/3 of the paperbased cost. Question No. 2. What types of knowledge systems and business processes were used by Income before migrating to the fully digital system? Until a few years ago NTUC Income insurance uses a very traditionalistic business process. Their process was very tedious and paper based and it takes five steps to complete the pro cess. The steps are- st-The process started with customers meeting an agent, filling the paper forms and submitting documents. 2nd-Then the agent would submit the forms at branches, from where they were sent by couriers to the office services department. 3rd-After two to three days the couriers were received by the services department. Then the services would log documents, sort them and then send them to the department for underwriting. Proposals were allocated to underwriting staff, mostly randomly. 4th-Accepted proposals were sent for printing at the computer services department and then redistributed. th-At the end of the process all original documents were packed and sent to ware houses. Where, over two to three days, total of seven staff would log and store the documents. After the process complete, whenever a document needed to be retrieved, it would take about two days to locate and ship it courier refilling again take about two days. NTUC Income use HP 3000 to host the core insurance application as well as the accounting and management information system. The HP 3000 is a line of midrange computers which Hewlett-Packard first released in 1972 and which has been constantly updated and sold since then.All HP 3000 computers run the proprietary MPE operating system and come with the rock solid Turbo IMAGE database. Question No. 3. Describe the information systems and IT infrastructure at income after migrating to the fully digital system. It changed in June 2003, when income switched to the java based eBao lifestyle from eBao technology. The software comprised three subsystems- Policy Administration, gross revenue management and supplementary resources. This system had- 1. Customer Centric Design. 2. Seamless integration with Imaging. 3. Barcode Technology. 4.A product definition module that supports new products, new channels and changes in business processes. Implementation work started in September 2002 and the project was completed in nine months. By may 2003, All the customization, data migration of incomes individual and chemical group life insurance businesses and training were completed. The new system was immediately operation on high availability platform. All applications resided on two or more than servers, each connected by two or more communication lines. All of which were loud balanced. This robust architecture minimized downtime occurrence overdue to hardware on operating system failure.Question No. 4. What benefits did Income reap from the new system? After going through the whole case study, we have found a significant change in the IT infrastructure of NTUC Income and come to know some crucial benefits that Income has experienced. Firstly, the very long and tedious and paper-based processes were substituted by computer-based eBao Life dodge which reduced the total time for policy opening dramatically to a minimum level. Also the floor-based data storage system was replaced by high tempo electronic mass storag e system which has made the company a much better and faster performing concern.Secondly, moving from eBao Technology to eBao Life remains was extremely lucrative for the firm. It facilitated so efficient retrieval of data that it was possible to addition data of any time period in contrast to the foregoing system of access to only preceding day data by any of its authorized employees. Again, the breakdown of software into three subsystems- Policy Administration, Sales perplexity and Supplementary Resources opened new product development possibilities, new channels and charges and new horizons for Income.Thirdly, the new system was immediately operational on high-availability platforms which were equipped by all up-to-date hardware components and internet connections among its workstations. Moreover, the implementation of disaster-recovery centre protected the organization from any accidental data loss. In addition, the implementation of eBao Life governance ensured the access of about 500 office staff and 3400 insurance advisors to the system anytime and anywhere with faster access to information.This helped the company to monitor its management more efficiently and serve the customers individual priority and customized needs. Finally, the summary of the benefits of eBao Life System as commented by the former CEO of Income Mr. Tan Kin Lian is eBao Life System has the scoop out straight through processing workflow and it is very flexible. It cuts our new product launch time from months to days. It also allows us to support agents, brokers, and customers to do online services easily. I got a fantastic deal the best system with much lower cost and much shorter implementation time.I have to say that this is a revolution. So, we can say that NTUC Income got quite a certain number of benefits from the new system, which made life even better and easier. Question No. 5. How well is income prepared for the future? argon the problems described in the case likel y to be repeated? NTUC income has created powerful establishment for future . In spite of all drawbacks in past they smite their weakness through the execution of eBao technology, which gives them a new dimension of system.Before the implementation of java based eBao life system, NTUC Income faced lots of troubles in core insurance applications, accounting, and management information system. Those troubles appeared as if the backup was not completed data would be lost, in case any hardware crashes reconciliation took several months to revive the data . It also experienced three major hardware failures it also took huge time to launch a product , it formed problem for the agents and advisors regarding to access information .All those problems came to an end when Income implemented eBay technology through the java based eBao life system , which they consider everything for them . this eBao system changed the way they worked . income restored its IT infrastructure by upgrading their system through increasing PC RAM size ,installing scanner and hardware etc which also helps them to store more data and to scan documents ,they also implemented live back up disaster recovery center so that data cannot be lost easily and remain stored in the storage and they do not need to depend on restoration of previous day data . nder the new system , all document stored as well on bank storage device , it crates easy way to access the information for the agents and advisors . Because of eBao technology Income enriched their working system and established it in such away, which has no possibilities to create further problems in future. Conclusion Trade union membership, especially for industrialized country, has been declining over the past years. This is largely due the structural changes caused by globalization and the rapid changes in technologies.Trade unions in Singapore also faced similar challenges. In order for trade unions to stay relevant, unions must(prenominal) co ntinuously adapt to effectively meet the expectations of different types of workers, regardless of age, collar and race. NTUC and trade unions have a promising future ahead if they have a better understanding of the economy and the needs of the workers. Furthermore, unions must not only continue to do what they have been doing over the years but use various innovative strategies and tactics to reach out to the new emerging generations.NTUC Income will continue to provide a better life for its policyholders and the community through innovative insurance plans and services. The co-operative will strive for excellent customer care through its staff and insurance advisers. By using technology effectively, we aim to reduce costs and pass the savings to policyholders through lower premiums. Reference List Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon, Management Information Systems Managing the Digital Firm 11th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc. http//www. icrosoft. com/singapore/mssg_docs/1703. as px http//essaysforstudent. com/Business/Ntuc/21763. html http//www. income. com. sg/insurance/iTerm/index. asp http//www. papercamp. com/group/modernization-of-ntuc-income-case-study/page-690 http//www. income. com. sg/insurance/financialplanning. asp http//www. ebaotech. com/en/news/200306_en. shtml http//www. income. com. sg/insurance/iTerm/index. asp http//www. income. com. sg/PSD/termsofuse. html http//www. income. com. sg/homepage. asp

Compare the Techniques Of My First Sonne and Limbo Essay

When looking at the two poems it is clear that On my First Sonne is composed to deal with a father losing his seven year old son. While in comparison the poet Brathwaite is highlighting the topic of slavery. When comparing the two poems it is quite noticeable that they deal with life issues of death and sadness. However, once perusing the two poems it is quite noticeable that both poems distinguish and highlight religion. This is highlighted in obliviousness as it says in the last line on the burning ground.Which can be clearly suggested that it is portraying the Christian image of Hell. Which can be defined as a place where youre in torture, which relates to the life of an African Slave where thither struggling for life in places e.g. the sugar plantations. In On My First Sonne its communicating to the reader almost religion like Limbo. However, instead of comparing religion to torture, it is discussing can people envy his son because hes going to heaven? This is particularly sh own in the following line where he leaves a question mark Will man lament the state he should envie?Looking at both the poems theres a huge tune in there individuality and uniqueness. This is clearly shown through the way that both the poems are written. For example, Limbo is presented in muster out verse which is probably suggesting that the slaves once had an identity. The countersignature Limbo emphasises that the free verse is trying to show that the slaves were his ancestors with an African past.However, Brathwaite is presenting that the slave dealers stripped his ancestors of an identity for example the impenetrable Gods are raising me. Showing that the poet has no knowledge of Africans Gods or culture. While in contrast, the techniques used in On My First Sonne shows a traditional English poem about his love to his son. It is also writing about the English tradition of the Church of England and an identity about what it is to be English. Which during its time was to beli eve in the old tradition of religion and heaven. Which when comparing the two it is noticeable that On My First Sonne shows identity and Limbo conveys lost identity.On My First Sonne it uses Trochaic pentameter in order to create the feeling of sadness by the use of a stressed and so a unstressed syllable. By using this technique it creates a feeling that the author is clueless which is shown through sentences likeWill man lament the state he should envie? Limbo also uses Trochaic pentameter in order to create the feeling of sadness as the poem is talking about the struggle of slavery unyielding dark deck and the water surrounding me. When looking at the tenses of On My First Sonne it uses past, present and future. For example in the first four lines there is a use of past. This is shown as he talks about his seven year old kidskin and uses in the last sentence on the just day. It then changes to present, as the poet talks about in the next four lines Will man lament the state he should envie? suggesting he should envy his son because he is in heaven.This quote also shows that he has accepted the death of his son. It then goes to future as the poet mentions in soft peace. This poem shows to the reader that the poet wrote this poem oer a long period of time. Showing to the reader the past represents that his child died, the present in between lines is mentioning the childs burial and the future is that the child is buried and now in heaven. In Limbo there is a use of only present tense and repetition of the title limbo. This technique is used to make the poem capture the audience and get into the character of a slave. Furthermore, the use of repetition creates a tempo and the beat is indicated as it uses the word drummers. However, in On My First Sonne there is a use of punctuation to create the tempo meaning the audience are less involved with the poem.In conclusion this essay shows to the reader the background of the poems one to do with slavery and anothe r to do with England and the Church of England of faith. Furthermore, Im showing how both poems contrast and how language is used to show tempo and contrast.

Powerplay in Texts – Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare), Gladiator (Ridley Scott) & the Statue of Liberty (Warren Brown)

Power is conditional its a measure of one individuals ability to control the environment around itself, including the behaviour of other entities through manipulation and exploitation. The application of queen, whether this be physical or informal, individual or political, hugger-mugger or public, replicates ones ability to control, command and influence others. Ultimately, an entity with power is permitted to employ this for the benefit of others, or unfortunately to their detriment.Power is transient therefore, gains or losings in power can significantly impact on an individuals homo experience. Three texts permeated by power struggles include Shakespeares blasting wanton Antony and Cleopatra, Ridley Scotts flick Gladiator (2000), and Warren Browns political cartoon The Statue of Liberty. Each composer employs a variety of literary and ocular techniques including dialogue, symbolism, sound (both diegetic and non-diegetic), mise-en-scene, irony, soliloquy and emotive languag e, to explore the transformative effect of power on the human experience.These powerplays are extremely persuasive, and thus we are convinced to embrace the perspectives offered in these texts. The major powers examined in the three texts are political, militaristic and sexual. Antony and Cleopatra is a disastrous play that illustrates a chronicle of two leaders from two very polar worlds who fall profoundly in love with each other and their endeavor to sustain their relationship against the romish Empire, however, it ends tragically with their suicides.Antony grapples with the impinge between his love for Cleopatra and his duties to the Roman Empire the geographical poles that draw him in opposite directions represent deep-seated conflicts between his reason and sense, his sense of duty and his desire, his obligations to the state and his private needs. Soliloquies are use throughout the play as a means of aiding the audience to understand the subconscious thoughts of the chara cters. In Act IV, scene 12, Antony states to himself O sun, thy uprise shall I live no more, foreshadowing his own death.Various persuasive forms of power are displayed in this play convincing us to embrace perspectives offered in this text those forms of power being political, sexual and militaristic. Before Antony met Cleopatra, he held military and political power so great, even his lieutenants were afraid to out preform him, But twould develop him, and his offenceShould my performance perish. Antonys affair with Cleopatra makes him disregard his responsibilities where the sexual power present allows for passion to overtake his reasonable judgement.Antony knew this in his use of fertility and sexual delineationry in the metaphor These strong Egyptian fetters I must break, or lose myself in dotage. Sympathy for Antony was formed through his personal conflict between love and duty, thus weakening Antonys control over himself and his known loss of power. Antony blames himself f or the wrong decision My very hairs do mutiny, for the white warn the brown for rashness Here hair is used as a metaphor for age, and Antony hasnt acted as a man with white hair should which is with maturity, rather acting on impulse, brown hair symbolising a younger man.We see the enchanting sexual power of Cleopatra when Enobarbus explains to Agrippa From the barge, a strange invisible sum hits the senses, personifying the sexual power held by Cleopatra, not only over Antony, but the radiating power she holds over all who cross paths with her. Mardian, go tell him I have slain myself. This order delivered by Cleopatra herself is the order, which ultimately, brings Antony to kill himself illustrating Cleopatras manipulative power over him.When she learns that shes being taken to Rome, it produces a fear of dismay for her accordingly, she ends her life. Caesars use of Antonys own surrendered men in the front battle line creates a psychological advantage over Antony by bringing e motion onto the field, Plant those who have revolted in the vanthat Antony may seem to spend his furyupon himself. The emotive language manipulates the situation by making Antony feel he is fighting himself when fighting his deserted soldiers through metaphrasing them as himself.The suicide of both Antony and Cleopatra takes away from Octavius because they become tragic lovers who would always be remembered, Our army shallin businesslike show attend this funeraland then to Romeseehigh order in this great solemnity. Irony is used when Caesar parades both Antony and Cleopatra to maximise his gain in power but instead makes the best political move giving them a great ceremony. The varied force of power is extremely persuasive. Throughout the complete play the effects of Powerplay direct the vents of the characters lives and create and destroy relationships between all characters involved, persuading us to embrace these perspectives concerning the significance of power in the human e xperience. Similarly, Scotts film Gladiator, Maximus (Russell Crowe), the Roman general turned Gladiator and Commodus, the son of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius manipulates others to gain power in order to fulfill their desires. The dominant powerplays in this text and political and militaristic, and due to the perspectives offered on the significance of power in the human experience, we are persuaded to embrace these perspectives.Maximus is portrayed as a powerful character by Scott through the use of mise-en-scene, in particular Maximus costumes, that being of an Upper Class Roman General and props (ie his Imperial Sword), and the event that when we see Maximus fighting, whether it be at the ascendant of the film with the Barbarians or near to the end in the arena, we see him through a low-angled camera shot, exemplifying his fighting power and knowledge over his enemies. Maximus image of power is gained, lost, and then later re-gained through the duration of the film, despite the capturing of this power ultimately leads to his death.Correspondingly, we are persuaded to embrace these perspectives about the significance of power in the human experience in Warren Browns political cartoon The Statue of Liberty. This text uses a number of techniques to convey its political power play perspective including contrast of size between the two personas. It is a widely shared notion that power is associated with size the greater the size the greater the level of power. Yet, this cartoon chooses to test this and illustrate the idea that Osama holds power over the Statue of Liberty.This is both ironic and a contrast of size. Although America, represented as the Statue, has been damaged to various terrorist attacks, it dormant aims to protect itself, just as Maximus aimed to protect Rome at all costs, even after he had been captured and sold as a slave and gladiator. The fact that Osama is not present within this frame suggests that he holds power of the statue. The poli tical perspectives offered in this text are persuasive, thus convincing us of the significance of power in the human experience.

A Study Of The Predictive Effect Of Pre-Service Teacher Essay

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to examine the relationship between the one-on-oneized experience management (PKM) competency of pre-service teachers and their instructional initiation aptitudes. Supporting the sustainable heightenment of teachers as professionals in the noesis society is a critical issue in teacher fosterage. This register attempts to identify an experimental model and a curriculum framework for nurturing pre-service teachers PKM competency. Dorsey (2000) PKM skills were adopted for constructing the theoretical framework and the survey instrument. A quasi-experimental research externalise was used to collect data from pre-service teachers from Hong Kongs largest teacher education institution. A structural equation model was applied to explore the predictive power of PKM competency on their instructional determination. Results show that a four-factor PKM competency model, which consists of retrieving, analyzing, organizing and collaborative skills, was identified as a predictor of instructional design. Use of PKM tools, e- tuition activities and collaborative action research for discovering pre-service teacher PKM competency be recommended to tenet education institute.Keywords Personal acquaintance management, Pre-service teacher, Teacher educationIntroductionRapid advances in technology and communications have greatly accelerated the event of training. The increases in the amounts and formats of information available do not automatically make learners more informed or knowledgeable, if a learner cannot manage and meld the aggregation ofinformation through their daily experience and study to construct knowledge in a systematic fashion. This competency is referred by most literatures (Frand & Hixon, 1999 Dorsey, 2000 Wright, 2005) as personal knowledge management (PKM) competency. Developing learners with PKM competency is not simply a lifelong education issue, it is also an important teacher education issue in terms of sustaining a competitive human capital in the knowledge economy. Teacher development is viewed as an ongoing lifelong attainment process as teachers strive to learn how to teach learner to learn how to learn (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1999).The recent education reforms in Hong Kong (Education Commission, 2000) addressed this lifelong education issue by proposing a learning to learn slogan in the policy document. The policy suggests that teachers should develop student learning competence for acquiring knowledge through various methods. To develop students with knowledge learning skills, teachers should also be equipped with the competency for knowledge acquisition. However, since publication of the policy paper entitled Information Technology for Learning in a New Era Five-year Strategy that launched IT in education in Hong Kong (EMB, 1998), the Education Bureau has not addressed this issue in any teacher professional development policy documents. Recent calls for consultation on e-learning from the Education Bureau likewise generated additional demand for developing teacher information literacy up to(p) of supporting student learning (EMB, 2004).If the government and teacher education institutions really want to develop competent teachers for the knowledge society, they may consider injecting the elements of personal knowledge management (PKM) into the teacher education curriculum for developing pre-service teachers teaching competency. However, little studies on teacher education were attempted to examine the effect of PKM on teacher learning and discussed the possibilities of injecting the element of PKM model into teacher education curriculum. This study aims to construct an empirical model for examining the predictive effect of pre-service teachers PKM competency on their instructional design skills and to discuss a personal knowledge management curriculum framework for teacher education institutions.Literature ReviewA review of the literature related to to knowledg e management suggests that the development of personal knowledge management (PKM) could be a means of enhancing pre-service teacher professional competency in managing personal knowledge for coping with the acceleration of emerging information. Frand & Hixon (1999) define PKM as a conceptual framework to organize and integrate important information such that it becomes part of an individuals personal knowledge base. Dorsey (2000) emphasizes the importance of injecting PKM into an educational framework for undergraduate education in order to bridge the gap between general education and other subject disciplines. PKM could serve as a framework for integrating general education and majors and as an approach to technology integration initiatives through tabu the curriculum. PKM provides learners with both a common language and a common understanding of the intellectual and practical processes necessary for the acquisition of information and its subsequent transformation into knowledge. The import of exploring PKM may contribute to human cognitive capabilities (Sheridan, 2008).Scholars tend to conceptualize PKM as a set of information skills (Frand & Hixon, 1999 Avery et al, 2001), though there is no standard commentary or model for PKM. After Frand & Hixon (1999) outlined five PKM techniques as searching, classifying, storing distributing, evaluating and integrating skills, Dorsey and colleagues (Avery et al, 2001) broadened the Frand & Hixon PKM framework well beyond its formulation. Central to PKM, as clarified by Dorsey, ar seven information skills which when exercised together be integral to effective knowledge work. These seven PKM skills are retrieving, evaluating, organizing, analyzing, presenting and securing information and collaboration for creating knowledge. Recently, Pettenati and Cigognini (2009) grouped PKM skills under three intertwined macro-competence categories creation, disposal and sharing.PKM can also be conceptualized as an intertwined macro-competency. Wright (2005) proposes a PKM model that links distinctive types of problem-solvingactivities with specific cognitive andmetacognitive, information, social and learning competencies. As a learning competency, PKM enables learners to put one across a set of learning skills that are essential to lifelong learning for information processing, knowledge application and decision-making. As a cognitive and metacognitve competency, it enables learners to apply complex thinking skills to solve problems. It is knowledge concerning the learners own cognitive processes or anything related to them (Flavell, 1976, p232). As an information competency, it enables learners to link technology tools with a set of information skills, thus providing an intentionality that moves the focus from the technology more directly to the information.As a social competency, its underlying principles include enabling learners to understand others ideas, develop and follow through on shared practi ces, build win-win relationships, and resolve conflicts. PKM integrates human cognitive and metacognitive competency (Sheridan, 2008), social competency (Wright, 2005 Pettenati & Cigognini, 2009) and informational competency (Tsui, 2002). Wright (2007) has developed a PKM grooming Guide for developing knowledge worker PKM competency. The guide is found on his research findings that the four interrelated competencies are activated in order to fancy PKM training. The training process encourages participants to reflect on their knowledge activities and focus on areas for improvement. If learners know how to control this process, they can internalize information into personal knowledge, creating a human foot for effective learning.Utilizing PKM for acquiring knowledge refers to a collection of information management processes that an individual learner needs to carry out in order to gather, classify, store, search, and determine information in his daily activities (Tsui, 2002 Grund spenkis, 2007). In teacher education, knowledge acquisition focuses on the process how teacher apply PKM to support their day-to-day teaching and learning activities instructional design. instructional design is closely related to PKM which is also one of the major learning tasks for pre-service teachers. Instructional design is a process that involves determining the modern status and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating instructionaland learning strategies to facilitate teaching and learning.There are a wide range of instructional design models, many of them ground on the ADDIE model (Seels & Glasgow, 1998 Molenda, M., 2003 Strickland, A.W. 2006) which includes the following phases analysis, design, development, apparatusation, and evaluation. This acronym stands for the 5 phases contained in the model. Knowledge acquisition for instructional design is conceptualized as identifying learner door skills, formulating instructional objectives, t est and design specifications, creating instructional or training materials, making recommendations and preparing a project report for lesson implementation.As instructional design is one of the let on components of teacher professional competence, and helps to implement a new curriculum in the information age of the 21st century, exploring the predictive relationships of PKM competency on knowledge acquisition for instructional design becomes key to the development of teacher education.Research MethodologyIt appears that PKM competency can expand individuals knowledge and enhance their learning competency (Davenport, 1997, p146 Frand & Hixon, 1999). It provides learners with a targeted, reflective and adaptable cognitive framework for inquiry and problem solving. In this study, knowledge acquisition will be conceptualized as the knowledge required for carrying out instructional design. This study attempts to answer the following research questions 1. What is the empirical factor structure of PKM competency for pre-service teachers?2. Is there any relationship between the PKM competency of pre-service teachers and their knowledge acquisition for instructional design? This study adopted Dorsey (2000) PKM skills to conceptualize PKM as a competency for acquiring knowledge (see figure 1). A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study to determine the relationship between PKM skills and knowledge acquisition for instructional design. The exogenic variables were pre-service teachers perceptions of their PKM skills. The endogenous variable is knowledge acquisition for instructional design. Aself-response quantitative questionnaire was devised to collect data from the pre-service teachers of Hong Kongs largest teacher education institution.Figure 1 Theoretical Framework Of The StudyThe operationalized definitions of Dorsey (2000) PKM skills are as follows1. Retrieving skill is the top executive of learners to retrieve information from relational data bases, electronic library databases, websites, threaded discussion groups, recorded chats, and moderated andunmoderated lists.2. Evaluating skill is the ability to make judgments on both the feel and relevance of information to be retrieved, organized, and analyzed.3. Organizing skill is the ability to make the information ones own by applying ordering and connecting principles that relate new information to old information.4. Collaborating skill is the abilityto understand others ideas, develop and follow through on shared practices, build win-win relationships, and resolve conflicts between these underlying principles.5. Analyzing skill is the ability to extract meaning from data and convert information into knowledge.6. Presenting skill is the ability to familiarize with the work of communications specialists, graphic designers, and editors.7. Securing skill is the ability to develop and implement practices that help to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and actual existence of information.This study adopted ADDIE instructional design model to conceptualize instructional design as a multiple competencies that involves analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of a lesson (Molenda, 2003 Strickland, 2006). The acronym ADDIE stands for the 5 phases contained in the model. Pre-service teachers learning on instructional design is conceptualized by the knowledge and experiences they come across in the 5 phases of ADDIE model including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation.The learning outcomes include know how to analyse learner characteristics and task to be learned and identify learner entry skills to design learning objectives and choose an instructional approach to develop instructional or training materials implement the lesson and deliver the instructional materials and to evaluate the lesson plan and recommend the materials achieved the desired goals. The teaching experience that they had gained include determ ining the current state and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating some instructional and learning strategies to facilitate teaching and learning. Instructional design is operationalized to the knowledge foridentifying learner entry skillsformulating instructional obJectives, test and designs specificationscreating instructional or training materialsand making recommendations and preparing a project report for lesson implementation (Seels & Glasgow, 1998 Molenda, M., 2003 Strickland, A.W. 2006).The questionnaire was based on a number of scales constructed to measure the variables of PKM skills and instructional design. In order to develop valid items for these scales, the researcher conducted a content analysis on the PKM literature of Dorsey (2000), Skyrme (1999). Hyams (2000), and on the instruction design literature of Seels & Glasgow (1998), Molenda, M. (2003) and Strickland, A.W. (2006). The questionnaire consists of two sections. Section 1 was used to measure the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition for instructional design based on 4 items. Section 2 contains 21 items designed to measure the teachers perceptions of their seven PKM skills. Likert 6 point scales were used in both sections to measure the variables. Likert scales are commonly used in attitudinal research. The Likert scale assumes that the difference between answering agree strongly, and agree is the same as between answering agree and incomplete agree nor disagree (Likert 1932, quoted in Gay, 1992). The data was collected directly from target subjects using the questionnaire.225 pre-service teachers responded to the survey. Data was collected directly from them by means of the questionnaire. The subjects in the study were pre-service teachers from Hong Kongs largest teacher education institution. Random sampling was used to collect data from the population. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out on variables using lead-in factor axis analysis to c onfirm the constructed validity of the tools (see table 1). The study is interested in a theoretical solution uncontaminated by ridiculous and error variability and is designed with a framework on the basis of underlying constructs that are expected to produce sources on the observed variables.Principal axis factor (PAF) analysis, which aims to reveal the underlying factors that produce the correlation or correlations among a set of indicators with the assumption of an implicit underlying factor model, was applied separately to the items from the learning processes and learning outcomes. Promax rotation, a method of oblique rotation which assumes that the resulting factors are correlated with one other, was applied to extract the factors. An eigenvalue greater than one was used to determine the take over number of factors for the factor solutions. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was then applied toexamine the factor structures and the paths among the variables, using Lisrel 8.3 (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1999). SEM is a collection of statistical techniques that allows the scrutiny of a set of relationships between exogenous variables and endogenous variables.FindingsThe results of exploratory factor analysis, presented in Table 1, clearly suggest a four- factor structure for exogenous variables that are both empirically feasible and theoretically acceptable. An eigenvaluegreater than one was used to determine the appropriate number of factors for the factor analysis solution. Items were extracted with factor loadings greater than 0.6 across and within factors. The numbers of factor solutions extracted from a Promax rotation theoretically afforded the most meaningful interpretation. The process used to identify and label the factors that emerged was based on examining the etymologizing of the highest loading items on each of the factors. The reliability coefficients of the scales ranged from 0.792-0.821, which was judged adequate for this study. The results of de scriptive statistics show that the scale means of all the variables are higher than 4.27 within the 6 point-scale, reflecting the participants list to slightly agree with all the items. The reliability coefficient (Alphas) of the scale for instructional design is 0.854, its scale mean is 4.33 (sd = 0.691).

Lighting Needs of Houses in Newbold Crossing

LIGHTING NEEDS OF THE HOUSE Glare problems snow or bare ground Newbold is situated in the hobnailed north-west sector of NSW, with Clarence River been the main remains of water that passes directly through the area. According to results conducted by the division of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts(2009) the turbidity of this large body of water appears to be fair to poor. Turbidity takes into account suspended solids in the water and measures the clarity, absorption of light and the marrow of light which gets scattered causing light to no glare to houses on the banks of the river.The topography of Newbold is mainly flat with a couple of gentle slopes, which consists of grass land, bare ground and the remainder of the area been surrounded by trees. As the majority of the days throughout the course of instruction are sunny with little or no overcast shadows. This means that there is an abundant amount of cheerfulness which hits the pasture and bare ground with the m ajority of the amount of sunlight been absorbed with small amounts uv-rays that bounce off and create minimal to no annoyance to the eyes.Pretoria in South Africa is geographically the equal in essence as Newbold Crossing in NSW as the same phenomena with glare occurs there. Clarence Way, Newbold NSW 2460 http//maps. google. com. au/maps? hl=en&tab=wl Natural and artificial methods of lighting Ndebele houses in Pretoria, South Africa only had one opening which was the entrance into the house. As displayed in the picture downstairs the entrance was typically facing the south, this meant that minimal amount of light entered the building. The source of light came from a fire which was set in the middle of the hut.Image 1 Ndebele traditional huts Traditional houses in Pretoria, South Africa grant always aimed at eliminating the maximum amount of sunlight that could penetrate their huts. But through the years their huts establish evolved and changed due to the influences that they h ad from the Sotho and Pedi neighbours. In respect to the dimensions of the entrance of their huts, they have gotten bigger meaning that further light could enter the building. This thought is similar to houses first build in Newbold Crossing.Initially they had small window dimensions, as they thought this would minimise the amount of heat that would enter the building, but they suffered from cold nights and low levels of lighting in houses. Soon they developed a new concept where they would have larger window dimensions to allow light into a house so that rooms would be illuminated, and so that relatively low amount of heat would be retained within the household for the cold night, making houses thermally more comfortable. This same concept lead to the idea of large windows been incorporated into Newbold Crossing.The concept has developed as houses in this region have solar passive design. The houses constructed have specific eave dimensions to compensate the amount of sunlight t he building takes in. In the winter the sun has a low angle in respect to the sight of the earth, and the maximum amount of sunlight is absorbed to maintain the building warm and well lit up. But in the summer the angle at which the sun is in respect to the horizon to the earth is greater, this is where the eaves are used to counteract the effect of direct sunlight by the building.To further avoid the abundant amount of direct sunlight, properties in Newbold have trees located in-front of large windows. In the centre and other areas of a house that sunlight does not reach, a skylight is put in place to charge with natural lighting and avoid carbon footprints. The artificial method of lighting in Newbold is through incandescent light bulbs and some of the newer houses use halogen downlights. But the Clarence vale Council (corresponding council of Newbold) has set up initiatives and emphasised the use of compact fluorescent lights which have less wattage ower but in turn does not re quire the same amount of energy to run, therefore it uses less electricity and minimises carbon footprints. Taking in mind that there is plenty of sunlight throughout the whole year into households, so artificial lighting should only be used during the evening or for tasks that are complex and require good lighting. REFERENCE Australian Governement, 2009, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, viewed 9 May 2010, Dalton, J 1808, A new system of chemical philosophy, Deansgate, London.

English Language Learner Essay

The United States palliate represents to the rest of world a land of opportunities. Immigration occurs when people from all part of the world gear up their way here to start young lives, find their new jobs or build new homes. many leave their country to flee from oppression and injustice. Some want a life to escape poverty. immediately the side of meat speech Learners in America school constantly growing percent of all U.S student-There be more than five million children who argon slope Language Learners (ELLs). Research show that multilingual instruction is beneficial to people who diddleing side of meat to support their English Language in addition subjective dustup and to retain. The Bilingual Education is more effective to English Learners research that students who are educate in Bilingual classrooms do as wholesome as or better than the groups of English sold literacy skill, shake of their thinks are just would cover their miserable life by money, thats all they cast off to do.The challenge go about by English Language is an obstacle to their education success in this country. Amount of students who participating to learn English are enrolled in U.S. public schools (pre-K-12) increased by 8.5 percent, from 46.0 million in 1997-1998 to mostly 50 million in 2007-2008. In them, at least 10.7 percent or more than 5.3 million children were English Language Learners (ELLs). Over the time, the number of ELL increased by 53.2 percent, from 3.5 million to 5.3 million) in the same period, this statistic was show that at that place is no signal to stop and might be grow up in the future. The nations ELL student (about 1.5 million children) mainly lived in California, state with the largest amount of student in need of English instruction. Behind California, the three states also contained an amazing number of ELL enrollment Arizona (166,572), New York (213,000), and Texas (701,800).All English Language Learners are definitely struggling to lea rn English sometime, they were fail to understand what is the teacher talking about, and may become unpleasantness when they have an idea but cannot transmit wholeness express their thoughts in English. Thats might be a biggest problem for ELLs who would like to speak English well but wear downt want to learn English. Meanwhile, many students experience another kind of struggle, when they go home, they speak contrasting oral communication in which their parentscommunicated. But a lots immigrant students of ELL have a habit of fluency in English and so want to give up their native language.They pressure to speak English at school they are expected to speak their native language at home. In the education process, in that location is English-only Laws do not help Immigrant gain fluency in English . Some individually dispense that being not only of English Language Learners (ELL), but of American communities as a whole. The governments do not promote English as official language so much as they compensate discrimination to different kind of language. However, ELLs should not collar English-only laws, instead achieve literacy, it makes disconnect to immigrant who want to prolong their tradition. Beside of that, an obstacle for all students of ELLs that they must to receive the same program such as student spokes of native English when they are during education process, many trammels as reading literature in English cause most literature is culture bound. Students who desire to speak English fluency must struggle for some(prenominal) year before they understand everything that is said in their classroom, and that is discrimination for all ELLs as they received wide-cut subjects with not their language such as mathematics, science, social study, language art, while their literacy skills do not well at all.Bilingual Education consider that such as education in an English-language school arrangement in which students with little fluency in English are taugh t in both their native language and English. Research show that Bilingual Language is the effective choice and definitely benefic for English Language Learners. It not only helping to advantage of ELLs to become solid literacy skills with both language, Bilingual Education also support to students develop ability of communication with international. The review found that almost K-12 students show who have been better in bilingual classroom, enroll in programs that have high level of bilingualism probably do as well as or might be better than comparison group of English Learners in English-only program. English Learners want to improve their English as well as they could be, but they also receive a lot of challenges from English. As you are learning any new language, it takes a lot of dedication, utilize and time.But all of that will pay off when you are able expressing yourself in an exciting way. You have to know what is your first step will going to be, then just keep going and amplify all experience that you have become perfectly. Also, the English teacher shouldpurposefully select words and execration structures that will help students learn rather than hinder their success in class or practice session for them to listening, specific is talking to improve their pronunciation. Eventually, English Language Learners could be received a lot of challenges by English Language as they struggle to fit into a new society, learn a new language, improving the achievement of communicate ability with international. However, English has been the common world-wide language, and it will be in the future. For this reason, English Language Learners must be insist that practice and policy by based on the shell evidence we have and not on politics or predilections.

Intellectual Heritage Essay

smart heritage is unitary aspect in my life history that I really value most. For one, this helped me in appreciation things I wasnt awargon before. It also helped me in transaction with things I fork upnt been sensible of like how diverse the philosophy of different raft have a go at itn world-wide are. I can say that this bad-tempered program, intellectual Heritage, somehow made me conceptualise of something that I havent thought of before. The texts that we have dealt with are more than of the Western texts which honestly have made me count of things that I wasnt able to think before.In the book The Republic, Plato said, They get out never intentionally receive into their minds false-hood, which is their detestation, and they will love the truth. This chief(prenominal) particular text of Plato have made me think in a different way, in a consciousness that I had realization when that particular was discussed. being truthful in different things is quite outstandin g because it is a fact universally acknowledged that no one wants deception. Before, I havent dealt with often importance on telling the whole truth, and that speaks for most of us, I guess.But after discussing the text in the book The Republic, I have become more sensitive of what lying or dishonesty will diddle me. And I can proudly say that it will not and will never bring a positive impact or effect in us. Lying just made us capable of hurting other people. It just makes things complicated and help us not to build a healthy community, rather a decaying one. I began to realize that a duplicity wouldnt help anyone in one way or the other. It breaks the bond that people have made without us be conscious of that fact.Moreover, even some of us are certain of the consequences it may bring but opted not to ground any attention to that matter. Selfish people lie for their own benefits but what they dont know is that it causes them to be destructed little by little. As Plato have said, it is a detestation to tell a lie not only for a certain person, but to the whole humanskind for that matter. Truth undeniably is what people need. As for my learning, I have learned a lot but the topic some misrepresentation and truth has a biggest influence to me and definitely changed various perspectives in my life.And in that case, Intellectual heritage as a whole apparently gave me a big opportunity in thought process in a different way, in a way of realizing important matter that life brings yet usually disregarded. In line with the course Intellectual Heritage, I can say that I have gived a variety of connections between Intellectual Heritage and another course, which is the philosophical system course. Although, Intellectual Heritage is a one of a kind course, I can say that it somehow has a connection in Philosophy because it also deal with different thoughts of different cognize persons in the world.In Philosophy, we are all aware that it tackles mainly on th e philosophical thoughts certain people have. In fact, there are many known philosophical figures even at this point in time. Among others were Socrates and Plato. Socrates, as we all know is the teacher of Plato. Plato, on the other hand is the one who had great influence on Augustine, who was a major shaper of Christian theology. A philosophy is a comprehensive system of ideas about human nature and the nature of the frankness we live in.It is a guide for living, because the issues it addresses are basic and pervasive, determining the course we take in life and how we treat other people, (William Thomas). Basically, Intellectual Heritage and Philosophy deals with similar issues. In Philosophy, it primarily talks about the fundamental nature of existence, of man, and of mans relationship to existence as a whole. In Intellectual Heritage on the other hand, it is somehow the same. Only, it deals with the main texts of the people who have dealt with the issues in the nature of existe nce, of man, and of mans relationship to existence.Although the two courses differ in some way, I can say that it is twain helpful in just the same way. It enhances and help me improve my line of thinking, in a sense that I am being censorious with the things in my life. I can relate being critical in Philosophy in a way that whenever a certain philosopher has an idea, I first think deeply and asses his beliefs. In that way, I have the opportunity whether to agree with his ore her ideas or not. Intellectual Heritage on the other hand, somehow helped me in focusing intently with the texts presented to me.So as to speak, both of the courses, Intellectual Heritage and Philosophy have a connection in someway that it both benefited me in various ways, in particular in the aspect of my critical thinking skills. In this semester, it is evident that we have dealt with many different texts in a rhetorical manner. As for me, I must admit that at first, I had a knockout time dealing with t his course because Im not used to deal with rhetoric aspects of things, in particular in the texts we have used in this course.But later on, I learned how to cope with the topics being discussed and came to know numerous lessons about the texts we have dealt with. As a whole, the things I learned from the experience of dealing with the rhetorical aspect of the texts discussed were all exceptional. I said that it is exceptional because honestly, the course made me think in ways I have never thought I would be able to. My line of thinking now differs in someway from the line of thinking I have now.I am more critical with the things being laid to me and felt happy about it. In this particular course, I have learned to read with more attention focused in the text Im denotation because deep focus is an evident requirement for this particular course. My reading skills were trained and was improved because of the approach of this course. some other is that I also came to know the meaty s in demonstrating verbal argumentation. I realized that in order to save an argument verbally, one must have a strong conviction in what you stand for.Being able to stand for what you believe in is a powerful evidence that you have a really strong will to win the argument. Also, demonstrating listening skills is one of the main learning I have acquired in this actual course. I learned to listen intently, carefully, exquisitely, and attentively. Listening skills is very important especially when dealing with the rhetorical aspect of the text because it will help you to understand better what the text is all about. The most essential thing that I have learned in this course is the demonstrating the skills in written communication.We are taught of the obligatory things to consider to be able to expound our ideas in the written form and helped us build up our ability to communicate in written form. In general, the lessons I have learned in the experience of dealing in rhetorical asp ects of the texts are that one must be able to the essential things in life such us being truthful, courageous, being fair, and the likes. I also learned to be keen in every detail of the texts I am reading so that I will not grasp the wrong idea from the text.

Intermediate 1 Research Paper

Intermediate account statement 1 (3367) Fall 2012 Research Assignment Questions Directions Type your declaration starting on the line after each question.1. FASB Accounting Standards codification FASCa. When did the FASC Codification become powerful? The FASC became effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009 even though the authoritative stochastic variable of the Codification was released on July 1, 2009.b. Did the FASC change prior generally accepted accounting principles? The FASC did not change prior GAAP just now it instead reorganized previous GAAP into a new structure. This new structure is organized into a new research database that is supposed to be user friendly and make finding certain GAAP easier to use.c. What does the FASB expect from the new FASC structure and system? The FASB has high expectations from the new FASC system including reducing the amount of quantify and effort that is use to solve an accounting research issue. The FA SC also expects the Codification to mitigate the risk of disobedience through easier usability of accounting literature. The Codification is also expected to provide accurate information through realisticly time updates whenever Accounting Standards Updates ar released and to assist the FASC with all of the research and convergence efforts.d. What are the topics used in the ASC? There are six major topics that are used in the ASC. The first one is The superior general Principles Area which includes broad conceptual matters. The next one is The Presentation Area which shows information is presented in the financial statements.The Assets, Liabilities, and Equity Areas have guidance on all of the balance sheet accounts while the Revenue and get down Areas have guidance on all of the income statement accounts. The next topic that is used in the ASC is The unspecific Transactions Area which deals with just about financial statement accounts and is generally transaction based. T he final topic used in the ASC is The Industry Area which contains guidance on how to account for specific industries or activities.e. Are second gear references included in the ASC? There are SEC references included in the ASC which are used to improver the utility of the Codification for public companies. The referenced materials include Regulation S-X, Financial Reporting Releases, Interpretative Releases, and some SEC staff guidance.2. Transfer of Receivables FASC 860-10(a) Identify relevant Codification section that addresses transfers of receivables. The main relevant Codification section that addresses the transfer of receivables is FASC 860-10-55. While there is information in other sections, most of it is found within section 55.b) What are the objectives for reporting transfers of receivables? The main objective for the reporting transfers of receivables is to provide users with an understanding of a transferors continuing involvement with any transferred financial sum mations. It is also to provide any restrictions on pluss reported in the financial statements and also to show how a transfer of financial assets affects a businesss financial position, financial performance and cash flows.(c) Provide definitions for the following 1. Transfer.A transfer is the conveyance of a noncash financial asset by and to someone who is not the issuer of that financial asset. 2. Recourse. Recourse is the right of the transferee of receivables to receive payment from the transferor of those receivables for blow of debtors to pay when due, the effects form prepayments, or adjustments resulting from defects in the eligibility of the transferred receivables. 3. Collateral. Collateral is any personal or real property in which a security interest has been given.(d) Provide other examples (besides recourse and collateral) hat discipline as continuing involvement. Several examples of continuing involvement that are provided by the ASC include Servicing arrangements, agreements to get or redeem transferred financial assets, arrangements to provide financial support and the transferors beneficial interests in the transferred financial asset.3. Inventories FASC 330-10(a) Identify the primary authoritative guidance for the accounting for inventories. The primary authoritative guidance for the accounting of inventories is FASB Accounting Standards Codification topic 330.b) List three types of goods that are classified as inventory. What characteristic will mechanically exclude an item from being classified as inventory? The three types of goods that are classified as inventory are goods awaiting sale (finished goods), goods in the course of production (work-in-process), and goods to be consumed directly or indirectly in production (raw materials). The definition of inventory does not include any long term assets that are subject to depreciation accounting. Therefore if an asset is depreciable, it is not included as inventory.c) Define market as use d in the phrase lower-of- equal-or-market. The word market in the phrase lower-of-cost-or-market means the replacement cost of your inventory. It is the cost that it would take to buy the same inventory new.4. Asset Impairments FASC 360-10 / 820-10(a) What is the authoritative guidance for asset evils? concisely discuss the scope of the standard (i. e. , beg off the types of transactions to which the standard applies).(b) Give several examples of events that would cause an asset to be tested for impairment.(c) What is the best evidence of fair value?d) Does it appear that ABC should perform an impairment test? Explain.5. Notes Payable FASC 835-30(a) Identify the authoritative literature that provides guidance on the zero-interest-bearing note. Use some of the examples to explain how the standard applies in this setting.(b) How is present value determined when an established exchange price is not definable and a note has no ready market? What is the resulting interest rate often called?(c) Where should a disregard or premium appear in the financial statements? What about issue costs?

Music and Identity

The human mind is a shapeless and forever conjureing entity of its declare, far surpassing our conscious sense and in order to stimulate a sniff out of solidity we develop identity. identity is difficult to congeal as it is still subject to large philosophic and psychological debate but is given a broad definition in order to forgather the many unalike views as maintaining a conjure of continuity of self and remaining same all over clock.The manakination of identity and the many shipway in which is is formed is subject to even more theological debate but for the purposes of this essay I eat chosen to break it down into intravenous feeding main categories experiences, expression, reflexivity and recognition. medicine like about forms of creative expression is an extension of the self and in turn a reflexion as it gives tangibleness to our cerebrations, emotions and ideas. Music operates on multiple layers of self-identification, as it end highlight pagan, gender and pagan traits. Music has been a part of human identity since the dawn of man.From religious rite dances of ancient tribal mickles to the war stresss of ancient Greece and capital of Italy to the more certain forms of medical specialty of the metempsychosis. It was during the late Renaissance that music began being printed and distributed cheaply and became accessible to a wider audience, it was during this period that a social schism was constraind that reinforced the separation of higher and lower class, as music of the people or Folk music became popularized in the lower class and Classical music hold within the aristocracy, each type with its own socially defining associations.The Baroque era had a broad impact on music because music was find as a planned composition meant to instil specific emotions and ideas in the hearer. Where previously there had been no real fashioning of music, a musical expression was developed using a powerful empty talk of notes meant to guide the emotional experience. The Classical Period began in the 1750s and was the freeing of the composers from the private employment of the aristocracy, which allowed for semipublic concerts and aided in the popularization and growth of the orchestra.Technological developments have since had some of the largest impact on music as composers could begin to record and playback and through this, perfect their item-by-item sound. Music is a constant reflexion of ethnical trends, an efficient example of the potency of music in creating identity would be the swinging sixties. It was a time of cultural rebellion, millions of youth across the world developed a renewed sense of individual liberty, pooling unitedly and creating a community and new ideals through music.Music had never before been attributed such strength to shape the whim system of youth culture so take uply. The song My Generation by Pete Townsend of the who written in 1965 is a perfect example of how music works i n classification. It was written by the group to express the cultural differences that emerged between their generations and previous ones who could not understand the shift of belief systems. Music is an auditory form of conversation utilizing tones in a continuous structure way.In the guard Lost in Music Culture, Style and the musical theater Event, John Shepherd writes that It can buoy be insist that because people create music, they reproduce in the canonic structure of their music the basic structure of their own thought process. If music is the expression of the individuals thought process and individuals are conditioned and molded by the society in which they live, then it would only be logical to conclude that music can be used as a social indicator.Expression in forming the identity is used to convert thoughts into physical form and is also known as verbalization. Lyrics are a very important aspect of songs as they create a new relationship to a piece. They can deliver a very precise and direct message and therefore hold significance to the harkener as they choose to indulge the message when they listen to it and are in turn influenced by it. Music has rapidly become more diverse as new styles emerge, each with its own category whether it be hip-hop, rock, classical, country etc.The artists are often the models used to create the lifestyle of the music, this can be explicitly observe in goth rock and hip-hop as some listeners actively exhibit characteristics of the artists. Each soma of music brings about a particular distinguish of values and preconceptions. There are also ethnic divisions in music, as music develops distinctly about the world different styles are created by different cultures, these kinds of music become the musical foundation of people living and reinforce national identity.Music and IdentityThe human mind is a shapeless and constantly shifting entity of its own, far surpassing our conscious understanding and in order to create a sense of solidity we develop identity. Identity is difficult to define as it is still subject to large philosophical and psychological debate but is given a broad definition in order to satisfy the many different views as maintaining a state of continuity of self and remaining same over time.The formation of identity and the many ways in which is is formed is subject to even more theological debate but for the purposes of this essay I have chosen to break it down into four main categories experiences, expression, reflexivity and recognition. Music like most forms of creative expression is an extension of the self and in turn a reflexion as it gives tangibility to our thoughts, emotions and ideas. Music operates on multiple layers of self-identification, as it can highlight ethnic, gender and cultural traits. Music has been a part of human identity since the dawn of man.From ritual dances of ancient tribal peoples to the war songs of ancient Greece and Rome to the more devel oped forms of music of the Renaissance. It was during the late Renaissance that music began being printed and distributed cheaply and became accessible to a wider audience, it was during this period that a social schism was created that reinforced the separation of higher and lower class, as music of the people or Folk music became popularized in the lower class and Classical music maintained within the aristocracy, each type with its own socially defining associations.The Baroque era had a huge impact on music because music was observed as a planned composition meant to instill specific emotions and ideas in the listener. Where previously there had been no real fashioning of music, a musical language was developed using a powerful rhetoric of notes meant to guide the emotional experience. The Classical Period began in the 1750s and was the freeing of the composers from the private employment of the aristocracy, which allowed for public concerts and aided in the popularization and g rowth of the orchestra.Technological developments have since had some of the largest impact on music as composers could begin to record and playback and through this, perfect their individual sound. Music is a constant reflexion of cultural trends, an efficient example of the potency of music in creating identity would be the swinging sixties. It was a time of cultural rebellion, millions of youth across the world developed a renewed sense of individual liberty, pooling together and creating a community and new ideals through music.Music had never before been attributed such strength to shape the belief system of youth culture so directly. The song My Generation by Pete Townsend of the who written in 1965 is a perfect example of how music works in classification. It was written by the group to express the cultural differences that emerged between their generations and previous ones who could not understand the shift of belief systems. Music is an auditory form of communication utili zing tones in a continuous structure way.In the book Lost in Music Culture, Style and the Musical Event, John Shepherd writes that It can be asserted that because people create music, they reproduce in the basic structure of their music the basic structure of their own thought process. If music is the expression of the individuals thought process and individuals are conditioned and molded by the society in which they live, then it would only be logical to conclude that music can be used as a social indicator.Expression in forming the identity is used to convert thoughts into physical form and is also known as verbalization. Lyrics are a very important aspect of songs as they create a new relationship to a piece. They can deliver a very precise and direct message and therefore hold significance to the listener as they choose to indulge the message when they listen to it and are in turn influenced by it. Music has rapidly become more diverse as new styles emerge, each with its own cat egory whether it be hip-hop, rock, classical, country etc.The artists are often the models used to create the lifestyle of the music, this can be explicitly noted in goth rock and hip-hop as some listeners actively exhibit characteristics of the artists. Each kind of music brings about a particular set of values and preconceptions. There are also ethnic divisions in music, as music develops distinctly around the world different styles are created by different cultures, these kinds of music become the musical foundation of people living and reinforce national identity.